GE MIL-STD-1553B

MIL-STD-1553B is a time-division multiplexed, command/response digital bus standard developed by the U.S. Department of Defense, first officially released in 1978. It adopts a half-duplex, dual-redundant serial bus structure, specifically designed for aviation, aerospace, naval vessels, land-based weapon platforms, and high-reliability industrial systems. It maintains reliable communication in harsh electromagnetic, temperature, and vibration environments.

Key Technical Parameters

• Transmission Rate: 1 Mbps (Manchester encoding), with an optional high-speed mode of 4 Mbps.
• Word Length: 20 bits (including 1 start bit, 16 data bits, 1 parity bit, and 2 stop bits).
• Bus Topology: Dual-redundant bus (Bus A, Bus B). Each bus uses a 78 Ω terminating resistor and supports up to 31 Remote Terminals (RT) and 1 Bus Controller (BC).
• Electrical Characteristics: Shielded twisted-pair cables with strong anti-interference capability. The maximum cable length for a single port can reach 100 meters (depending on cable specifications and time delay).
• Interface Type: Common connectors include D-621 and D-622. They support plug-in or soldered terminals and are compatible with Raychem EMP-hardened cables.

Product Features

• High Reliability: Dual-bus redundancy, low error rate (only 1 bit error per 10 Mbits), and strict electrical isolation enable the system to continue operating in case of a single-point failure.
• Standardized Interchangeability: All hardware must comply with the same electrical, mechanical, and timing specifications to ensure plug-and-play functionality between products from different manufacturers.
• Flexible Expansion: Supports 1, 2, 3, or 4-channel modular designs. It can be connected via various platforms such as USB, PCI, CPCI/PXI, PC104, ISA, Ethernet, or RS-422/485.
• Easy Maintenance: Uses 78 Ω terminating resistors for quick terminal insertion and removal. Fault location can be captured and replayed in real time through a Bus Monitor (BM).

Structure and Composition

• Bus Controller (BC): The only master station that initiates all communications. It is responsible for scheduling command words and selecting the redundant bus to be used.
• Remote Terminal (RT): Up to 31 units. As slave stations, they respond to commands from the BC and can provide subsystem services for 30 sub-addresses.
• Bus Monitor (BM): An optional passive station used to capture, record, and analyze bus traffic, facilitating debugging and fault diagnosis.
• Physical Layer: Includes twisted-pair shielded cables, couplers (transformer coupling or stub coupling), terminating resistors, and connectors that meet the MIL-STD-1553B mechanical specifications.

Typical Application Fields

• Aerospace: Aircraft avionics systems, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and satellite buses.
• Naval Vessels and Submarines: Weapon control, navigation, and communication subsystems.
• Land-Based Weapon Platforms: Tanks, missile launch systems, and fire control computers.
• High-Reliability Industry: Satellite ground stations, aero-engine test platforms, and avionics research and development laboratories.

Installation and Maintenance Points

1. Wiring: Use shielded twisted-pair cables that comply with the MIL-STD-1553B standard. Maintain cable symmetry and a minimum bending radius, and avoid running cables in parallel with high-power cables.
2. Terminating Resistors: Install a 78 Ω terminating resistor at each end of the bus to ensure impedance matching and prevent signal reflection.
3. Coupler Selection: Choose stub couplers or transformer couplers based on system weight and space constraints. Stub couplers are suitable for lightweight requirements, while transformer couplers provide better electrical isolation.
4. Redundancy Switching: The BC must implement automatic fault detection at the software layer and switch to the backup bus, with a switching time of no more than 1 ms.
5. Fault Detection: Use a BM or built-in self-test function to monitor bus error codes (such as bit errors, frame errors, and timeouts). Record logs when abnormalities occur to facilitate on-site troubleshooting.
6. Regular Inspection: Clean connectors, measure terminating resistor values, and check the insulation resistance of couplers every 6 months to ensure no looseness or corrosion.

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